MarxismA broad socialist tradition centered on dialectical materialism, historical materialism, exploitation, and working-class self-emancipation. Marxism-LeninismA revolutionary Marxist current emphasizing the vanguard party, democratic centralism, and dictatorship of the proletariat. MaoismAn anti-imperialist current highlighting protracted people’s war and continuous class struggle under socialism. Democratic SocialismA strategy focused on pursuing socialism through electoral struggle, democratic institutions, and policy transformation. Social DemocracyA reformist current associated with welfare-state policies, labor protections, and public services within capitalism. Market SocialismA socialist framework that preserves public political control while allowing a limited private sector under specific conditions. AnarchismA guide to anti-state socialist traditions, from Proudhon and Bakunin to anarcho-communism, syndicalism, and ecology. Mutualism / Anarcho-SocialismA socialist anti-state current tracing debates from Proudhon’s mutualism to Bakunin’s revolutionary anarchism. Anarcho-CommunismAn anti-state communist current associated with Kropotkin, free distribution, mutual aid, and horizontal social organization. Anarcho-SyndicalismA strategy centered on horizontal labor unions, direct action, and workers building alternative power structures. Eco-AnarchismA current linking environmental crisis to hierarchy, class domination, and state power.